The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) rules and the Goa Coastal Zone Management Authority (GCZMA) came into being with a singular objective to protect Goa's fragile seashore against illegalities and unplanned development. However, contrary to those objectives, the developments that unfolded recently have exposed the indifference to the CRZ norms by authorities, thereby giving an impression that the coastal regulatory body is unable to do justice to its job.
One of the most striking examples is the beach club story at Morjim. Although a demolition order issued in September 2023 specifically targeted a beach club, the GCZMA has not been able to demonstrate enough firmness in its actions, and, thus, the illegal structures – bar-restaurant, swimming pool, and other parts of the construction – have not only been standing but also used to host events and parties.
The fishing community of Morjim is heavily dependent on traditional fishing routes as well as on beach access, and had to approach the NGT through a petition, while accusing the local administration of yielding to the pressure of big business. This incident is a revealing example of a frightening breach of enforcement protocols that raises a question of influence and political backing that are usually implicated when violators get away with accountability.
In the same vein, the matter of illegal jetties along the Mandovi River brings out the same problems that plague the system. While the NGT decision is very clear on the matter of closing down illegal jetties, the GCZMA, and the other agencies have shown reluctance in responding. The affidavit, which the GCZMA submitted, admits that some jetties are operating without permission. Their pattern of inactivity is indicative of their non-compliance with the law, which has allowed these agencies to become mere onlookers instead of the enforcers. The devastating impact of such incompetence is not only on the environment but also on the fishing communities whose lives depend on it.
The problem doesn't stop there, as illegal coastal structures have taken shape in the guise of temporary licences. People have been taking advantage of the seasonal permission loophole and have built permanent concrete structures, sometimes even overlooking the terms of the No Development Zone (NDZ). Many locals and activists have testified to the fact that these violations have been widespread and that the culprits often change the names of their enterprises once they are caught in the act.
The systematic takeover is a perfect example of the failure of regulation, wherein the loopholes are exploited, and the enforcement is at its lowest. A common thread that runs through these cases, and several others, is the failure of GCZMA and government agencies to respond quickly and decisively to infractions made. Such failures erode the confidence in agencies that are believed to be guardians of the coast and environment.
According to the law, the function of GCZMA is to safeguard coastal ecosystems in Goa, regulate development, and ensure the sustainable use of resources. Its inability to achieve even this minimal requirement of its existence, especially in the case of high-profile offenders, raises doubts not only about its efficiency but also its honesty.
The enforcement gaps are as clear as daylight. At a time when Goans are fighting with their backs to the wall to save the coast and environment, the GCZMA should demonstrate their allegiance through transparent and consistent action. If these agencies bow down to influential forces or political pressures, Goans will be left to fight a helpless battle to save this crucial part, which defines the State’s identity.
