PANAJI
We are in mid-March, and Goa is already experiencing extreme heat. The sun’s harsh rays start at 8 am, making the afternoons unbearably hot and the evenings warm. Climate experts warn that the Earth is heating up, affecting all living beings. Goa recorded a temperature of 36.7°C this week, with high humidity. February and March have been among the hottest in recent years.
Weather experts have issued warnings, while doctors advise people to take precautions against heat strokes. Staying hydrated with water and natural cooling drinks is essential.
“We are now entering into the pre-monsoon season,” states former NIO chief scientist and meteorologist Dr M. R. Ramesh Kumar, adding, “The February month, that just passed, has been one of the warmest so far in the recorded history of the Indian subcontinent. This year, in the first week of March itself, the State of Goa has already experienced heat wave-like conditions. We can have more such situations in the days to come.”
Impact on Humans, Animals, and Plants
The scientist further warns that these conditions can have an influence on humans, plants, agriculture, and animal life. “The effect can be reduced by the pre-monsoon showers which are highly sporadic and site-specific in nature. Also at times, we may experience thunderstorms during this season. They can decrease the intensity of the maximum temperatures during this period,” he mentions.
“The early onset of summer season, this year in late February itself, is a clear signal of the forthcoming pre-monsoon season. Further, these intense heat conditions will put pressure on water storage in dams and agriculture, with crops like cashews, mangoes, rice, and wheat affected. Animals in the wildlife sanctuaries and national parks would require periodic water and protection from severe heat waves. I am currently at Mysore Zoo and can see that the animals are really parched for water and shade. They are exhausted too due to heat,” asserts Dr Ramesh Kumar.
Helping Animals Cope
The rising heat is causing dehydration and even death among animals. Dhyan Foundation, through its 45-plus shelters across the country, runs a 24-hour animal SOS helpline and ambulance services for injured animals, feeds cattle and other animals through more than 1,000 dedicated stray feeding points, and installs water troughs and bowls to help animals survive the scorching heat.
“At our shelters, we include cooling remedies like gur water in the diet of cattle, sprinkle water on floors, run fans and coolers to help the resident animals cope up with the heat,” says Swati Shilker, head of Dhyan Foundation’s Goa chapter. Prof Hanuman Gawas, a volunteer from Dhyan Foundation, suggests keeping water bowls in open areas to help animals beat the summer heat.
Like animals, plants are also struggling due to the extreme heat. A gardening expert from Taleigao, Ashok Dande, points out that the impact of the heatwave is damaging for plants. “Plants start perching slowly due to lack of water in the ground and absence of moisture in the air. If this continues, life on the planet will disappear.”
“The changing climate pattern is posing a serious threat to Goa’s rice production. Heat increases water loss due to evaporation from the fields and water bodies leaving lesser water availability for irrigation of the present Rabi or Vaingini crop of rice in the fields. Heat increases water loss from the rice plants by transpiration and leads to water stress due to drying up of the leaves. Heat will desiccate the anthers and affect pollination and seed-setting, leading to chaffy grains and reduced yield. Pond and lake-irrigated fields will be worst affected,” admits former agricultural officer Miguel Braganza.
How to stay safe during a heatwave
PANAJI: Dr Shekhar Salkar, former president of the Indian Medical Association (Goa branch), warns that symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headaches. If you experience these symptoms, move to a cooler place, drink water, and rest.
“Heat stroke is a medical emergency that happens when body temperature rises above 39.4°C (103°F). If this occurs, call for medical help immediately and try to cool the affected person with water or a wet cloth,” he advises. Vulnerable groups like the elderly, infants, and those with pre-existing health conditions should stay cool and hydrated. Outdoor workers and athletes should take regular breaks and drink plenty of fluids.
Tips to Stay Cool
- Avoid direct sun exposure between 11 am and 4 pm.
- Use protective gear like an umbrella, hat, or scarf when outdoors.
- Wear light, loose cotton clothes to stay cool.
- Keep indoor spaces cool by closing windows during peak heat and using fans or air conditioning.
- Take cool showers and rest in shaded areas.
- Stay hydrated by drinking water frequently. Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and sugary drinks.
- Eat water-rich fruit like watermelon, muskmelon, grapes, and oranges.
