The election of Pope Leo XIV marks a key moment for the Catholic Church as it steps into a new era shaped by the legacy of Pope Francis and the daunting challenges ahead. At 69, Pope Leo became the first North American to ascend to the papacy, bringing a diverse background rooted in Peru, Europe, and the United States. As he prepares to lead a global religious community of over 1.4 billion Catholics, he faces a monumental task of balancing continuity with reform — especially in areas where his views diverge sharply from Francis, notably on LGBTQ inclusion, women’s roles, and several moral issues.
Pope Francis was known for his progressive stance on inclusivity, openly supporting civil unions for LGBTQ couples and advocating for a more open, compassionate Church. His famous remark, “If someone is gay and searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?” encapsulated a shift towards a more accepting stance. In contrast, indications are that Leo XIV might adopt a more conservative approach. Quoting from past statements, he expressed scepticism about Western values that conflict with traditional Gospel teachings, implying a less welcoming stance towards LGBTQ Catholics. It is to be seen whether Pope Leo prioritizes doctrinal orthodoxy over the inclusive reforms championed by his predecessor.
The issue of sexual abuse within the Church remains another critical challenge. While Francis made notable efforts to confront this scourge by apologizing publicly and advocating for transparency, the problem persists, and accusations of cover-ups continue to tarnish the Church’s reputation. Given Pope Leo’s past involvement in handling abuse allegations in Peru, critics are watching closely. Will he pursue a zero-tolerance policy, or will vestiges of past concealment hinder reforms?
Women’s roles in the Church constitute yet another area of potential divergence. Francis took historic steps by allowing women to vote at bishops’ meetings and hinted at further inclusion. Yet, the path to ordaining women as deacons or priests remains fraught with theological and institutional hurdles. Pope Leo’s stance on gender roles could significantly influence the future of gender equality within Catholicism. Will he continue to push for incremental reforms, or will he uphold traditional views that restrict women’s ecclesiastical authority?
In the Indian context, there will be new expectations. Christianity in India has been facing mounting hostility, with 640 cases of violence and discrimination recorded in 2024, a stark increase from previous years. Laws under the guise of tackling “forced conversions,” have restricted religious freedom, often targeting pastors and preachers. Even Goa has been a witness to a few stray incidents. It is to be seen whether Pope Leo’s leadership will initiate interventions or diplomatic efforts to safeguard Catholic communities in India.
Furthermore, the rise of Pentecostal, Protestant and other Christian denominations has posed a challenge to the Roman Catholic Church’s growth, which has stagnated in many Western countries. In Goa too, an increasing number of youth are seen turning away from the Church. While global Christianity continues to grow, particularly in Africa and parts of Asia, Catholicism’s demographic decline in Europe and North America prompts a strategic reassessment. Would Pope Leo go out in search of his “lost sheep” and restore faith among the disillusioned or marginalized?
Pope Leo XIV inherits a complex legacy but his ability to navigate doctrinal conservatism, address persistent issues, and advocate for vulnerable sections will define his papacy. The world will be watching, especially in regions like India, where religious freedoms are under threat. Only time will tell how the Roman Catholic Church, under the new pontiff, will evolve in a rapidly changing world.
