The civilian awards, Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri awards were instituted in 1954, to recognise distinguished contributions across various fields. The Bharat Ratna, represents the pinnacle of national recognition for exceptional contributions to the country and was initially intended to recognise outstanding service in art, literature, science and public affairs. In 2011, its scope was enlarged to encompass any field of human endeavour. Unlike the Padma awards, which are announced annually and through a nominated committee of experts, the Bharat Ratna is conferred at the government’s discretion. The Prime Minister recommends the recipients to the President, and generally, no more than three persons are honoured in a year.
Since its inception, 53 individuals have received the Bharat Ratna, including 18 posthumously. An analysis of the recipients indicates a considerable representation of politicians and public-affairs personalities, alongside scientists, educators, social reformers, artists, industrialist (only JRD Tata) and a cricketer (Sachin Tendulkar). While political leaders have undoubtedly made significant contributions, the achievements of entrepreneurs who have built institutions, generated employment, strengthened the economy and enhanced India’s international standing also merit consideration. The honour should transcend political affiliations and public eminence.The civilian awards do not carry any monetary benefits. The awardees are felicitated, given a citation and some travel perks during their lifetime. There is a need to recognise deserving individuals during their lifetime rather than allowing their contributions to be acknowledged posthumously. National honours should celebrate achievement when recipients can personally experience the nation’s gratitude. The Padma awards should reach more unsung people rather than repeatedly recognising familiar names. A person already honoured could be considered after ten years for another award only after substantial contributions, preferably in a different field. The Bharat Ratna should remain above all distinctions of profession, prominence and political persuasion. Its true significance lies not by honouring mostly politicians but also those whose work has enriched the nation.
Sridhar D Iyer, Caranzalem
