Like many areas of the body, your mouth is teeming with bacteria ” most of them harmless. Normally the body's natural defenses and good oral health care, such as daily brushing and flossing, can keep these bacteria under control. However, without proper oral hygiene, bacteria can reach levels that might lead to oral infections, such as tooth decay and gum disease.
In addition, certain medications ” such as decongestants, antihistamines, painkillers and diuretics ” can reduce saliva flow. Saliva washes away food and neutralizes acids produced by bacteria in the mouth, helping to protect you from microbial invasion or overgrowth that might lead to disease.
Studies also suggest that oral bacteria and the inflammation associated with periodontitis ” a severe form of gum disease ” might play a role in some diseases. In addition, certain diseases, such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS, can lower the body's resistance to infection, making oral health problems more severe.
What conditions may be linked to oral health?
Your oral health might affect, be affected by, or contribute to various diseases and conditions, including:
Endocarditis: Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of your heart (endocardium). Endocarditis typically occurs when bacteria or other germs from another part of your body, such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in your heart.
Cardiovascular disease: Some research suggests that heart disease, clogged arteries and stroke might be linked to the inflammation and infections that oral bacteria can cause.
Pregnancy and birth: Periodontitis has been linked to premature birth and low birth weight.
Diabetes: Diabetes reduces the body's resistance to infection ” putting the gums at risk. Gum disease appears to be more frequent and severe among people who have diabetes. Research shows that people who have gum disease have a harder time controlling their blood sugar levels.
HIV/AIDS: Oral problems, such as painful mucosal lesions, are common in people who have HIV/AIDS.
Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis ” which causes bones to become weak and brittle ” might be linked with periodontal bone loss and tooth loss.
Alzheimer's disease: Tooth loss before age 35 might be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
Oral and facial pain: This pain may be largely due to infection of the gums that support the teeth and can lead to tooth loss.
Digestion problems: Digestion begins with physical and chemical processes in the mouth, and problems here can lead to intestinal failure, irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders.
Other conditions: Other conditions that might be linked to oral health include Sjogren's syndrome ” an immune system disorder that causes dry mouth ” and eating disorders.
Because of these potential links, be sure to tell your dentist if you're taking any medications or have had any changes in your overall health ” especially if you've had any recent illnesses or you have a chronic condition, such as diabetes.
