Every cabinet reshuffle gives us a sense of the state of play in a government and its chief executive. So what did we learn from Modi's reshuffle 2017?
A) This is a government of Modi, for Modi, by Modi. The stamp of ‘supremo' is written all over the reshuffle. Yes, there were strong inputs from Amit Shah, yes RSS made a few suggestions, but in the end, Modi has chosen his team: no outsourcing of the process to any external authority, be it the RSS sarsanghchalak or any senior group of ministers. The cabinet, as it stands, is an extension of PMO secretariat where South Block closely monitors ministers. If UPA had its GOM system, this is a PMO-driven system.
B) By elevating Nirmala Sitharaman to defence minister, Modi has killed three birds with one stone. He has grabbed headlines as a strong votary of women power in governance (Smriti Irani too is now in a double role and the CCS has two women for the first time); he has ensured the PMO (read Ajit Doval) will continue to have a major say in defence and strategic affairs and he has sent out a firm message to senior male colleagues eyeing the post: I don't trust you enough just yet.
C) Modi implicitly trusts bureaucrats more than politicians. We've seen this in Gujarat too when he was CM: being an electable leader with mass appeal doesn't make you a good minister in the Modi universe. By drafting two bureaucrats from ‘outside' and giving ministerships to two first time bureaucrat-MPs, Modi has reaffirmed his faith in those with administrative experience rather than experiment with professional netas. In 2014, Modi in the euphoria of his election victory had chosen to give the political class the benefit, but this time, he's gone the other way by giving bureaucrats key ministerships in the hope they will deliver in the limited time period left. It also suits Modi's style: bureaucrats, after all, are known to follow orders, politicians like to carve their independent fiefdoms.
D) Modi's government has little space for old style caste/regional loyalties, especially as the PM is convinced that ultimately he is the sole vote catcher. Gujarat and HP go to polls in November-December, but both states haven't been given fresh representation while Karnataka which goes to polls in May next year has only one new face to offer. While there is a Dalit face in Virender Kumar and two minority members (Hardeep Puri and KJ Alphons), the traditional caste/community calculations aren't a major factor. In fact, if anything, there is a return to a strong forward caste messaging, especially in north India.
E) Merit has been rewarded even as mediocrity has been tolerated. The elevation of Piyush Goyal and Dharmendra Pradhan is evidence of the former, the continuance of a Radha Mohan Singh in the crucial agriculture ministry and a Ram Vilas Paswan in consumer affairs is proof of the latter. There has been a performance evaluation but it hasn't been as ruthless as expected (or feared).
F) Many of his flagship programme ministries are floundering so many will now have new occupants. Then, be it skill development, Namami Gange, Smart city projects, Make in India, the PM has chosen to push for change with ministers he hopes will fulfil the promise of ‘ache din' before it's too late.
G) Modi doesn't like the Shiv Sena and isn't obliged to Nitish Kumar. It is yet possible that Kumar's JD(U) will be accommodated at some stage in the future but for now, the PM has chosen to keep his new found ally waiting. This is a purely BJP driven reshuffle where allies will have to accept the crumbs. Unlike with the UPA, there are no DMKs to arm twist the government this time.
H) The idea of ‘maximum governance and minimum government' is a catchy slogan but tough to implement. With 76 ministers including the PM, this is not a small government. The lal battis may have gone but no one wants to lose the perks of power. A few ministries have been reshaped but the idea of fewer ministers hasn't yet taken off.
J) There is a talent deficit in government and electoral politics in general. In 2014, the BJP won a massive 282 seats in the LS with 60% first time MPs. And yet, a majority of the performing ministers come from the Upper House, often elected from states outside their home base. The demands of electoral politics are very different from those of governance: with every successive cabinet, this is becoming increasingly apparent. Specialisation and domain expertise is still not given enough emphasis -- why is a seasoned diplomat like Hardeep Puri in urban development while urban affairs expert KJ Alphons is in tourism and IT? It is good though to see Rajyavardhan Rathore in sports and youth affairs.
K) The media is completely in the dark. The speculation within the media on ministerial appointments was largely proven wrong: we even didn't know who the next defence minister would be till the announcement was made. In sync with their ‘supremo' style, the Modi-Shah duo like to keep everyone guessing till the end. Maybe, the media should stop all speculative pre-reshuffle programming in the future. Less hazardous and injurious to professional health.
Post-script: Now that the reshuffle is over and we got almost all our predictions wrong, can the media return to its core task of telling truth to power and focussing on ‘real' issues. Come tomorrow the media narrative should return to the issues that matter: growth, agrarian distress, jobs, health, education and much more. Somehow, I rather doubt it!
